Effects of Three Drugs on Membrane Metabolism Against Cysticerci cellulosae in vitro

To investigate the effects and mechanisms of the benzimidazole carbamate and benmidine drugs on Cysticerci cellulosae and choose effective drugs on Cysticerci cellulosae, the membrane metabolism of Cysticerci cellulosae in vitro was tested after three kinds of drugs which were used respectively. The indexes included the contents of lipids, the contents of SA and the changes of the membrane fluidity. The results showed that oxfendazole could inhibit the membrane metabolism of immature and mature Cysticerci cellulosae in vitro, and albendazole only inhibited the mature one, while thibendimidine neither acted on the immature nor mature one.     

椭圆嗜蓝层孔菌子实体化学成分研究

椭圆嗜蓝层孔菌(Phellinus ellipsoidea)子实体甲醇提取物依次用石油醚和乙酸乙酯萃取,其乙酸乙酯分部经柱层析分离得到11个化合物。经鉴定这11个化合物分别为:苯并(1,2-b,5,4-b′)二呋喃-3,5-二酮-8-甲酸甲酯(1)、原儿茶酸(2)、4-(3,4-二羟苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮(3)、原儿茶醛(4)、Hispidin(5)、Hispolon(6)、Inoscavin A(7)、Phelligridin K(8)、Inoscavin C(9)、Inoscavin E(10)和Inonoblins B(11),其中化合物2、4、7、10为首次从该物种中分离得到。     

Monitoring insecticide resistance in house flies (Diptera: Muscidae) from New York dairies

House flies were collected from dairies across New York state and the levels of resistance to seven insecticides were measured using standard laboratory assays with three to five diagnostic concentrations. The highest levels of resistance were found for tetrachlorvinphos, permethrin and cyfluthrin. Although levels of resistance to methomyl were somewhat lower, they were among the highest ever reported for field‐collected house flies. Resistance to pyrethrins was limited primarily to the lowest diagnostic concentration. House flies were susceptible to fipronil at all dairies, suggesting that this material would be highly effective for fly control. The levels of resistance were similar at all the dairies, irrespective of their insecticide use, suggesting substantial movement of flies between facilities. Relative to resistance levels found at New York dairies in 1987, resistance levels had increased for permethrin, were unchanged for tetrachlorvinphos and had decreased for dimethoate. To identify a single diagnostic concentration that could be used in the laboratory assays to assess accurately resistance levels in future studies, we carried out a ‘simulated’ field bioassay using formulated materials. A diagnostic concentration for each insecticide is proposed on the basis of a comparison of our bioassays. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

甲酸乙酯对米象不同虫态的熏蒸作用

针对储粮害虫抗药性日趋严重、粮食熏蒸剂品种越来越少的现状,采用密闭熏蒸法,系统研究甲酸乙酯（EtF）在不同条件下对米象Sitophilus oryzae（L.）卵、低龄幼虫、高龄幼虫、蛹以及成虫的致死作用.在25℃条件下以40和45μL/L的药剂浓度处理米象成虫12h,其校正死亡率分别为90.541%和99.324%;以30μL/L的浓度在19、25和31℃下处理24h,校正死亡率分别为83.108%、62%和42%,表明甲酸乙酯具有良好的速效性,且在相对低温时比在相对高温时熏蒸效果好.在20、25和30℃条件下,熏蒸处理米象成虫24h,其LC50分别为25.094、28.650和30.875μL/L;处理48 h时则分别为23.101、25.805和27.316μL/L.30g/m^3的甲酸乙酯熏蒸处理米象卵、低龄幼虫、高龄幼虫和蛹24 h,对应死亡率为96.930%、99.333%、97.768%和93.386%,表明甲酸乙酯对米象低龄幼虫的熏蒸效果最好,蛹和卵对甲酸乙酯具有较高的耐药性.     

运用QSAR模式对N—甲基氨基甲酸酯类农药急性毒性的定量预测

运用多元回归对２２种Ｎ－甲基氨基酸甲酸酯类农药进行了结构－毒性关系的研究，选入的结构参数ｌｏｇＫｏｗ和分子连接性指数直接通过计算得到，毒性参数诜在量鼠经口ＬＤ６５０。结果表明，ｌｏｇＫｏｗ，ＸＶ和ＸＶ能很好地反映这类化合物的结构特性。     

MEK-石脑油可回收稀释降粘输送工艺

概述了稠油的物性,分析了石脑油中加入MEK(甲基乙基酮)后对稠油的稀释降粘效果。介绍了MEK-石脑油可回收的稠油稀释降粘工艺流程,指出MEK-石脑油回收稀释降粘工艺虽比石脑油回收稀释降粘工艺增设了一套MEK回收装置,投资及运行成本略高,但其降粘效果较好,能够以较小的稀释比提高稠油的输送能力。     

蔬菜农药残留快速检测中易出现的问题与对策

介绍蔬菜中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留快速检测方法的原理，指出实际检测过程巾易出现的问题，并针对这些问题提出相应的解决措施，总结出检测操作中的几点注意事项，以减小误差、避免失误，提高检测结果的可信度。     

The effect of ceramic coating of fire-retardant wood on combustibility and weatherability

In order to develop a fireproof wooden material, the synergic effect of fire-retardant chemicals and wood coatings was studied. The fire performance was evaluated by cone calorimeter. Impregnation of fire retardants including polyphosphatic carbamate, and ceramic coatings including alkoxy metal salt improved the fire performance of wooden materials. This treatment made it possible to meet the guidelines for fire performance of noncombustible materials in Japan. In addition to the vacuum-pressure impregnation treatment, hot-and-cold-bath impregnation treatment is an effective way to develop fire-retardant wood by impregnating fire retardant and ceramic coating. The weatherability of the developed material was also investigated. The ceramic coating was resistant to light and moisture. Part of this report was presented at 54th Annual Meeting (Sapporo, August 2004) and the 55th Annual Meeting (Kyoto, March 2005) of the Japan Wood Research Society     

QuEChERS前处理—高效液相色谱仪检测多种蔬菜水果中10种氨基甲酸醋农药残留

探讨运用简便高效的前处理方法要QuEChERS,使用高效液相色谱要柱后衍生荧光法分别测定普通蔬菜水果中10种氨基甲酸酯多类农药的含量。结果表明院10种农药的检出限为0.008～0.010 mg/kg,加标回收率在91.2%～102.0%,相对标准偏差为0.98%～4.90%。此方法选择性强,有机溶剂用量少,准确可靠、准确度和精密度好,比较适合只配备液相色谱仪的基层实验室用于普通蔬菜水果中常用农药多残留快速检测。     

饲料中氨基甲酸酯类农药多残留量的毛细管气相色谱分析方法

为了全面正确地认识和评价畜禽饲料中农药残留状况,保证畜禽产品食用的安全性,利用弹性石英毛细管气相色谱分析技术,研究了7种氨基甲酸酯类农药在饲料中的多残留分析方法.结果表明,饲料样品中的氨基甲酸酯类农药以丙酮提取,经等体积石油醚/二氯甲烷混合液萃取,再经弗罗里硅土柱净化,用配有氮磷检测器的毛细管气相色谱仪检测,可以获得满意结果.当添加0.1,0.5,5.0mg/kg时,添加回收率为79.00%～102.37%,变异系数为0.99%～10.03%;方法最小检出量为4.086×10-11～9.324×10-11g,最小检出量为0.02～0.04mg/kg.该方法能一次同时检测饲料中残留的7种氨基甲酸酯类农药,具有高效、简便、快速的特点,可极大地提高工作效率.